Properties of Paper

Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PAPER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND RAW MATERIALS

• Introduction
• History of Papermaking
• Fibrous Raw Materials in Papermaking
• Pulping Processes
• Mechanical Pulping Processes
• Kraft Pulping
• Pulping Operations
• Brownstock Washing
• Chemical Recovery
• Bleaching
• Nonfibrous Raw Materials
• Preview of Papermaking Process Steps
• Stock Preparation
• Paper Machine Overview
• Headboxes
• Fourdrinier Forming Section
• Press Section
• Dryer Section
• Reel Section
• Other Types of Paper Machines
• Fiber Reclamation
• Water Reclamation
• Roll Finishing Operation
• Surface Modifications

CHAPTER 2: USING PAPER PROPERTIES DATA FOR PRODUCT, PROCESS, AND PROFIT IMPROVEMENT

• Introduction
• Product, Process, Properties, and Measurements
• Generating and Using Paper Properties Data
• The Measurement Process
• The Sampling Process
• Matching On-line and Off-line Data
• Measurement Data Collected by a Scanning Sector
• Sensor Calibration
• Comparing On-line and Off-line Measurement Data
• Single Location Sampling and Testing
• The Testing process
• Choosing the Correct Method for Measurement
• Measuring the Measurement System’s Performance
• In Summary
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 3: THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PAPER

• Introduction
• Basis Weight and Grammage
• Thickness
• Apparent Density
• Distribution of Material in Paper
• Formation
• Directionality of Paper
• Two-sidedness
• Identification of the Wire and Felt Sides
• Porosity of Paper
• Surface Texture of Paper
• Methods of Measuring
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 4: THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PAPER

• Introduction
• Fundamental Mechanical Properties
• Introduction to Applied Mechanical Properties
• Units of Reporting Mechanical Properties
• Tensile Properties
• Measurement of Tensile Breaking Strength
• Wet Tensile Strength
• Stretch of Paper
• Paper Strength in the z-direction
• The Wax Pick Test
• Internal Bond Strength as Measured by z-direction Tensile Strength
• Bursting Strength
• Tearing Resistance of Paper and Paperboard
• Folding Endurance
• Stiffness
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 5: THE APPEARANCE PROPERTIES OF PAPER

• Introduction
• Sources of Illumination
• How Materials Modify Light
• How Paper Interacts with Light
• Color Description
• Types of Color Measurement
• Instrumental Methods of Color Matching
• Whiteness
• Papermaker’s Brightness
• Gloss Introduction
• Sheen
• Contrast Gloss
• Importance of Gloss
• Measurement of Gloss
• Opacity and Transparency
• Measurement of Dirt
• Conclusion
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 6: THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON PAPER PROPERTIES

• Introduction
• Interactions Between Paper and Moisture
• Hygroscopic Nature of Wood Fibers
• Measurement of Moisture Content
• Effects of Moisture content on Mechanical and Structural Properties
• Sources of Dimensional Instability
• Various Effects of Moisture on Paper Shape and Dimensions
• Permanence of Paper
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 7: THE BARRIER AND RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF PAPER

• Introduction
• Fundamentals of Resistance and Barrier Properties
• Porous Structure of the Web
• Fiber-Fluid Interactions
• Swelling of Paper
• Mechanism of Penetration
• Achieving Resistance and Barrier Properties in Paper
• The Achievement of Barrier Properties
• Methods for Measuring Paper and Paperboard Water Resistance
• Evaluation of Barrier Properties
• Measurement of Penetration by Liquids Other Than Water
• Conclusions to Barrier and Resistance Test Methods
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 8. I: THE FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF PAPER PROPERTIES; II: INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG PAPER PROPERTIES
Introduction
Part I: The Fundamental Aspects of Paper Properties

• Introduction
• The Influence of Wood Pulp Fiber Properties on Paper Properties
• The Role of Pulping Processes in Paper Properties
• Influence of Nonfibrous Additives on Paper Properties
• Conclusion of Nonfibrous Additive Discussion
• Influence of Papermaking Operations
• Conclusions to Part I

Part II: Interrelationships Among Paper Properties

• Introduction
• Basis for Interdependence of Properties
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 9: PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS OF PRINTING AND WRITING

• Introduction
• Size of the Printing and Writing Paper Industry
• Properties of Writing Papers
• Paper Property Requirements for Printing Processes
• Printing Processes
• Printability and Runnability
• The Letterpress Printing Method
• The Rotogravure Printing Process
• The Lithographic Printing Method
• The Flexographic Printing Method
• The Screen Printing Method
• Multi-station Printing Presses
• Printing Inks
• Copier Duplicating Processes
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 10: THE PROPERTIES OF PAPERBOARD USED IN PACKAGING

• Introduction
• Boxboards
• Folding Boxes
• Setup Boxes
• Properties of Paperboard
• Printing Properties
• Cleanliness
• Combined Paperboards
• Corrugated Containers
• Combined Board Structure
• Properties of Corrugated Container Boards
• Solid Fiber Containers
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 11: THE PROPERTIES OF CREPED TISSUE PAPERS

• Introduction
• Manufacture of Creped Tissues
• Evaluating Creped Tissue Properties
• Crepe Wadding
• For Further Reading

CHAPTER 12: GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Books
• Periodicals, Technical
• Periodicals, General
• Abstracts
• Test Methods