School Maintenance and Renovation

Foreword
Preface
Sources of Help

Chapter 1. How Schools are Funded

• Introduction
• State Responsibility
• Local School Responsibility
• Local School Bonds
• Local School Debt
• Funding Maintenance
• State Funded Programs
• Independent and Parochial Schools
• Politicization of the Funding Process
• References

Chapter 2. Organization of Maintenance, Engineering, and Operations Staff

• What Does the Maintenance, Engineering, and Operations Department Do?
• Organization of Maintenance, Engineering, and Operations—Internally
• Placement of Function within the School System
• Lines of Responsibility and Authority
• Relationship with Other Departments in the School System
• Size and Expertise of the Department
• Maintenance Personnel Costs
• Principal’s Responsibility in Maintaining Schools
• Building Inspections by the School Principal
• References

Chapter 3. Developing Local Agency Policies for Maintenance and Operations

• Introduction
• How Policies Are Developed
• What Kinds of Policies Are Needed for an Efficient Department?
• Legal Consultation
• Development of Regulations
• References

Chapter 4. Administrative Process—The Paper Chase

• How Can Costs Associated with Maintenance Procurement be Controlled?
• How Maintenance Projects Are Identified
• Forms That Are Used in the Requesting Process
• What Office Is Responsible for Processing Requests?
• Work Order Routing
• Who Decides Whether Work Is Done by Outsiders or In-House?
• Who Completes the Repair or Maintenance Item?
• The Feedback System
• Sidebars

Chapter 5. Capital Improvement and Maintenance Planning

• Introduction
• Capital Improvement Planning
• Action Plans
• Definition of Maintenance and Capital Improvement
• Capital Improvement Program
• Determining Costs
• Capital Improvement Budget
• Project Classification
• References
• Sidebars

Chapter 6. Costs of Maintenance

• Maintenance Formulas
• Allocation Formulas
• Maintenance Reserve Fund
• References

Chapter 7. Deferred and Preventative Maintenance

• Introduction
• Deferred Maintenance Programs
• Deferred Maintenance-Private and Parochial
• Preventative Maintenance
• Cost Savings Resulting from Preventative Maintenance Practices
• Facility Maintenance Considerations
• References

Chapter 8. The Emerging Role of Technology in Facility Management and Maintenance

• Introduction
• Integrating Facilities and Learning through Technology: Automated Building Systems
• Computerized Maintenance Management Software (CMMS)
• Energy Management Systems, Enterprise Energy Management
• Managing Telecommunications and Information Technologies
• Web-Enabled Facility Management and Maintenance
• Evaluating the Cost Savings That Might Result from Outsourcing of Technology Systems and Staff
• References

Chapter 9. Contract Maintenance—External Management Service

• Introduction
• Description of Services
• Who Provides Such Services?
• Pros and Cons
• Costs and Possible Savings through Contracting-out Maintenance and Operations
• Contract Development
• References

Chapter 10. Regulatory Aspects of Maintenance and Operations

• Water Quality and Testing
• Air Quality
• For All Air Quality Concerns
• Asbestos
• Americans with Disabilities Act Regulations (ADA)
• What Are the Costs of Compliance with Federal Regulations
• References
• Sidebars

Chapter 11. Cost-Effective Procurement Process

• Introduction
• References
• Sidebar

Chapter 12. Deciding to Renovate

• Values of Renovating
• Practical Solutions
• Terms and Definitions
• Renovation Project
• Renovation Formulas
• Generalized Formula for School Modernization
• References

Chapter 13. Planning the Educational Program

• Introduction
• Feasibility Study
• Educational Specifications
• Development Responsibility
• Process Involvement
• Document Review
• References

Chapter 14. Selection of the Architect

• Introduction
• Method of Selection
• Who Is Involved?
• Criteria Development
• Selection Process
• Employing the Architect
• References

Chapter 15. What the Architect Does

• Introduction
• Schematic Design Development
• Design Development
• Construction Documents
• Bidding Advisement
• Construction Monitoring
• How the Architect is Paid
• School and Architect Relationship
• The Best Architectural Services at a Reasonable Price?

Chapter 16. The Meaning of Green in Schools

• Introduction
• Green School
• LEED
• Green Building Benefits
• Important Advantages
• Convincing the Public To Build Green
• Making Existing Buildings Greener
• Green vs. Sustainable
• It’s Easier Being Green
• The Future of Green Schools
• Where To Go For Green Help
• References

Chapter 17. Alternative Funding Plans

• Introduction
• Alternative Funding Plans
• Non-debt Financing
• State Revolving Funds
• State Credit Enhancement Programs
• Tax Credit Plans
• References

Chapter 18. Alternative Contracting Arrangements

• Introduction
• Public/Private Partnerships
• Design/Build Contracts
• Employing Outside Firms
• Employ a No-Excuse Incentive On-time Completion Program for the Contractor
• Job Order Contracting
• Construction Management at Risk
• Total Project Management
• Commissioning
• Summary
• References

Chapter 19. Alternative Housing for Students During Renovations

• Introduction
• Virtual Reality Schools
• Prototype Buildings
• Modular Buildings
• Prefabricated or Portable Buildings
• Conversion of Existing Building
• Lease/Purchase of School Buildings
• Vacant Schools
• Reorganization of Grade Levels
• Use of Community Spaces
• Summary
• References

Chapter 20. Bidding and Contractor Selection

• Introduction
• Bidding Documents for Renovations
• Pre-qualification of Bidders
• Bidding Procedures
• Lowest Responsible and Responsive Bidder
• Rejection of Bids
• Bidding Furniture and Equipment
• Bonding Requirements
• The Contract
• Construction Supervision
• Change Orders
• References

Chapter 21. School Operation During a Renovation

• Introduction
• Role of the Principal
• Determining the Future Educational Program
• Developing Educational Specifications
• Integrity of the Educational Program
• Safety Precautions
• Public Relations
• Community Involvement
• References

Chapter 22. Bringing Closure to the Project

• Contractor Notification
• Official Inspection
• Punchlist
• Orientation Activities
• Evaluation
• Evaluation Periods
• References

Chapter 23. The Cost of a Good Education

• Introduction
• Educational Program Effect
• Building Condition Effects
• The Price of Poor School Buildings
• References

Appendix A—Maintenance Reserve Fund Formula
Appendix B—States that Have a Credit Enhancement Plan
Appendix C—Maintenance Work Forms
Index
About the Authors